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Diccionario filosófico Diccionario de Filosofía
A Dictionary of English Philosophical Terms Francis Garden Vocabulary of Philosophy, Psychological, Ethical, Metaphysical Biografías y semblanzas Biographical references and lives of philosophers Brief introduction to the thought of Ortega y Gasset History of Philosophy Summaries Historia de la Filosofía Historia de la Filosofía Historia de la Filosofía Vidas, opiniones y sentencias de los filósofos más ilustres Compendio de las vidas de los filósofos antiguos A brief history of Greek Philosophy
Alexander
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AxiomAxiom. This term taken by Aristotle from Mathematics, whether from the language of others, or from his own lost writings on that subject, is claimed by him for Metaphysics or Ontology as well. It denotes an immediate self-evident proposition, which does not admit of proof, but from which proof proceeds. Boethius and the schoolmen render it, out of regard to its etymology, by dignitas Aristotle lays stress upon the distinction between the general axioms which are common to all science, and those which are proper to any one. The former as applied to geometry are called κοιναὶ ἔννοιαι by Euclid, and the rest of those named axioms in our versions are by him placed among the postulates ἀίτήματα.
Meaning then by axioms the fundamental, universal, and self-evident judgments on which all thought must hinge, such as that if equals be added to equals the sums will be equal, and the like, Aristotle resolves them all into the great logical law of Contradiction, that the same thing cannot be and not be at the same time. By denying therefore an axiom truly such we subvert thought, and turn all exercise of it into futility. Those who understand the distinction will see that in this view they are to be regarded as analytic not synthetic judgments. Kant, confining the term to geometrical intuitions, classes them with the latter. There are several questions respecting axioms over and above those which relate to the use of the term, on which I cannot enter here. The most modern of these will be found in Stewart’s works, and in Mill’s Logic |
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